Architects of the

United States Forest Service The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands. The Forest Service manages of land. Major divisions of the agency inc ...

are credited with the design of many buildings and other structures in National Forests. Some of these are listed on the

National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance or "great artistic v ...

due to the significance of their architecture. A number of these architectural works are attributed to architectural groups within the Forest Service rather than to any individual architect. Architecture groups or sections were formed within engineering divisions of many of the regional offices of the Forest Service and developed regional styles. National consulting architect

W. Ellis Groben William Ellis Groben, usually known as W. Ellis Groben, is an American architect and author. He was Washington (D.C.) Office Architect of the U.S. Forest Service during 1933-1953 and provided professional guidance as the national consulting archi ...

led development of architectural style for the Forest Service, including by his important 1940 document
"Architectural Trend of Future Forest Service Buildings"
ref> and by his 1938 compilation "Acceptable Building Plans: Forest Service Administrative Buildings". He advocated what is now known as non-intrusive architectural design, and advocated regional styles rather than universal style. Architects of several regions and their works are discussed in the following sections, with the regions having the most information available about them first.

Region 6

Oregon State Forester's Office Building angle - Salem, Oregon

Imnaha Guard Station - Rogue River NF Oregon

The architecture group of the Forest Service's Northwest regional office, Region 6, designed works in

Oregon Oregon () is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of it ...

and

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...

. At an early date the architecture group of this region included

architects An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

Linn A. Forrest Linn Argyle Forrest, Sr. (1905–1987) was an American architect of Juneau, Alaska who worked to restore "authentic Southeast Alaska Native architecture, especially totem poles". During the 1930s and the Great Depression, he oversaw Civilian Co ...

, Howard L. Gifford, James Pollock and W.I. "Tim" Turner, and landscape architect Emmett U. Blanchfield. According to the National Register nomination for many of their works, "The style that emerged from the Pacific Northwest Region had no clearly identifiable architectural prototype, but reflected the influence of the English Cottage and Norman Farmhouse styles." Ellis Groben, national leader of architecture in the Forest Service, reportedly "was impressed with the Northwest Cascadian style of architecture that was started by Tim Turner, Linn Forrest, Dean Wright, and Howard Gifford on

Timberline Lodge Timberline Lodge is a mountain lodge on the south side of Mount Hood in Clackamas County, Oregon, about east of Portland. Constructed from 1936 to 1938 by the Works Progress Administration, it was built and furnished by local artisans during the ...

and numerous CCC facilities in the Washington and Oregon area." Around 1951, architects of the region included A.P. "Benny" DiBenedetto, FAIA, Bill Hummel, Dick Parker, Ken Grimes, Doug Parmenter, and Norm Krause. Around 1958, Joe Mastrandrea, Perry Carter, Ken Reynolds, Terry Young, and Tom Morland joined the staff. The Region 6 design team received several awards for laboratories in Oregon. DiBenedetto was elected to be president for the Oregon Council of Architects, to be Director of the Pacific and Northwest Region of the American Institute of Architects (ALA) and to serve on the National Board of

AIA AIA or A.I.A. or Aia may refer to: Aia * Aia, a small town in the Basque province of Gipuzkoa, Spain * Aia, current Kutaisi, ancient capital of Colchis * Aia, another name for Aea (Malis), an ancient town in Greece * ''Aia'', the collected ed ...

all while serving as Regional Architect in Region 6 (1951–1961) or as Station Architect, Pacific Northwest (1961–1979). There are 25 locations whose design is attributed to the Region 6 group. Notable works of Region 6 architects (with attribution as given in NRHP listing if applicable) include: * Breitenbush Guard Station,

Willamette National Forest The Willamette National Forest is a National Forest located in the central portion of the Cascade Range of the U.S. state of Oregon. It comprises . Over 380,000 acres (694 mi2, 1,540 km2) are designated wilderness which include seven ...

, Detroit, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Butte Falls Ranger Station,

Rogue River National Forest A rogue is a person or entity that flouts accepted norms of behavior. Rogue or rogues may also refer to: Companies * Rogue Ales, a microbrewery in Newport, Oregon * Rogue Arts, a film production company * Rogue Entertainment, a software com ...

, Butte Falls, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed *

Cabin Lake Guard Station The Cabin Lake Guard Station is a Forest Service compound consisting of six simple rustic buildings located in the Deschutes National Forest in central Oregon. It was originally built as a district ranger station for the Fort Rock Ranger Distric ...

Deschutes National Forest The Deschutes National Forest is a United States National Forest located in parts of Deschutes, Klamath, Lake, and Jefferson counties in central Oregon. It comprises along the east side of the Cascade Range. In 1908, the Deschutes National ...

, Bend, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Cascade Locks Work Center, Mt. Hood National Forest, Cascade Locks Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Cedar Guard Station No. 1019, Illinois Valley Rd.,

Siskiyou National Forest Siskiyou may refer to: *Siskiyou Mountains, a mountain range in northern California and southern Oregon *Siskiyou National Forest, in Oregon and California *Siskiyou County, California *Siskiyou Trail, an old Native American and pioneer trail connec ...

, Cave Junction, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Chatter Creek Guard Station,

Wenatchee National Forest Wenatchee National Forest is a U.S. National Forest located in Washington. With an area of 1,735,394 acres (2,711.55 sq mi, or 7,022.89 km²), it extends about 137 miles along the eastern slopes of the Cascade Range of Washington, USA from ...

, Leavenworth, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Early Winters Ranger Station Work Center,

Okanogan National Forest Okanogan (US) or Okanagan (Canada) may refer to: People and regions *Okanagan Country, a divided region in British Columbia and Washington *Okanagan people, a Native American (USA) or First Nations (Canada) people, known as the ''Syilx'' in their ...

, Winthrop, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed *

Glide Ranger Station The Glide Ranger Station in Umpqua National Forest near Glide, Oregon was built in 1938 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It served historically as a government office. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 for its ...

Umpqua National Forest Umpqua National Forest, in southern Oregon's Cascade Range, covers an area of in Douglas County, Oregon, Douglas, Lane County, Oregon, Lane, and Jackson County, Oregon, Jackson counties, and borders Crater Lake National Park. The four ranger di ...

, Glide, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Gold Beach Ranger Station, Siskiyou National Forest, Gold Beach, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Imnaha Guard Station, Rogue River National Forest, Butte Falls, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * John Day Compound, Supervisor's Warehouse,

Malheur National Forest The Malheur National Forest is a United States National Forest, National Forest in the U.S. state of Oregon. It contains more than in the Blue Mountains (Pacific Northwest), Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon. The forest consists of Great Basin ...

, John Day, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * La Wis Wis Guard Station No. 1165,

Gifford Pinchot National Forest Gifford Pinchot National Forest is a National Forest located in southern Washington, managed by the United States Forest Service. With an area of 1.32 million acres (5300 km2), it extends 116 km along the western slopes of Cascade Ran ...

, Packwood, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Lake of the Woods Ranger Station-Work Center,

Winema National Forest Toby "Winema" Riddle (1848–1920) was a Modoc woman who served as an interpreter in negotiations between the Native American Modoc tribe and the United States Army during the Modoc War (also called the Lava Beds War). She warned the peace ...

, Klamath Falls, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Lamonta Compound-Prineville Supervisor's Warehouse,

Ochoco National Forest The Ochoco National Forest is located in the Ochoco Mountains in Central Oregon in the United States, north and east of the city of Prineville, location of the national forest headquarters. It encompasses of rimrock, canyons, geologic oddities, ...

, Prineville, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Leavenworth Ranger Station, Wenatchee National Forest, Leavenworth, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Lick Creek Guard Station, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Enterprise, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Lost Lake Guard Station, Okanogan National Forest, Tonasket, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * North Fork Guard Station No. 1142, Randle Ranger Station, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Randle, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Olympus Guard Station, Olympia National Park, NRHP-listed * Oregon State Forester's Office Building, 2600 State Street, Salem, Oregon (Linn A. Forrest, Sr.) * Parkdale Ranger Station, Mt. Hood National Forest, Parkdale, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Paulina Lake Guard Station,

, Bend, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Randle Ranger Station-Work Center, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Randle, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed *

Silcox Hut The Silcox Hut is a small rustic mid-mountain lodge located at elevation on Mount Hood, Oregon, United States. It is approximately vertical above Timberline Lodge and roughly one mile distance directly up the mountain. Silcox Hut was built by ...

, near

, Oregon (Tim Turner) * Store Gulch Guard Station No. 1020, Illinois Valley Rd., Siskiyou National Forest, Cave Junction, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Supervisor's House No. 1001, Malheur National Forest, John Day, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed *

on Mount Hood, near Government Camp, Oregon (W. I. Turner, ''et al''.) *

Unity Ranger Station The Unity Ranger Station is a United States Forest Service compound consisting of five buildings and a lookout tower in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest of northeastern Oregon. It was previously the administrative headquarters for the Unity R ...

, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Unity, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Verlot Ranger Station-Public Service Center, Mt. Baker,

Snoqualmie National Forest Snoqualmie might refer to: People * Snoqualmie people, a Coast Salish people of Washington state :*Snoqualmie Indian Tribe, a federally recognized tribe of Snoqualmie people Places * Snoqualmie Indian Reservation *Snoqualmie Valley, ancestral home ...

, Granite Falls, Washington (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed * Zigzag Ranger Station, Mt. Hood National Forest, Zigzag, Oregon (USDA Forest Svce. Architecture Group), NRHP-listed

Region 3

In Region 3, standard plans were prepared under direction from the National Forest's Washington office, but architects at the Region 3 office created plans in the Bungalow style. Bungalow style had been popular for small houses in the U.S. from about 1905 to 1930, and was waning in popularity when Region 3 adopted it. The Region 3 architects further adapted the floor plans of this style for wood frame and for masonry construction in different environmental areas (timbered areas vs. grasslands vs. desert), and adopted Spanish Eclectic and Pueblo Revival styling for desert models. But the low cost of the Bungalow style led to it being used in desert areas, too. Notable works of Region 3 architects include: * Copper Creek Guard Station, NE of Black Canyon City,

Tonto National Forest The Tonto National Forest, encompassing , is the largest of the six national forests in Arizona and is the ninth largest national forest in the United States. The forest has diverse scenery, with elevations ranging from 1,400 feet (427 m) in ...

, Black Canyon City, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman style, NRHP-listed * Beaver Creek Ranger Station, Off I-17 NE of Rimrock, Coconino NF, Rimrock, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman style, NRHP-listed *

Big Springs Ranger Station The Big Springs Ranger Station is a ranger station located in Kaibab National Forest near Big Springs, Arizona. The ranger station was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1934. The complex includes a house, an office building, and a barn wi ...

, Along Ryan Rd., Kaibab NF, Big Springs, AZ (Usda Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman style, NRHP-listed * Camp Clover Ranger Station, Off US 66/89 SW of Williams, Kaibab NF, Williams, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman style, NRHP-listed *

Canelo Ranger Station Canelo Ranger Station, also known as Canelo Work Station, is a historic ranger station in the Coronado National Forest, within Santa Cruz County of southern Arizona. It is located in the ghost town of Canelo, within a small valley between the C ...

, Forest Rd. 52B N of Canelo, Coronado NF, Canelo, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman style, NRHP-listed * Cima Park Fire Guard Station, in Chiricahua Wilderness NE of Douglas, Coronado National Forest, Douglas, AZ (USDA Forest Service), "vernacular, log" architecture, NRHP-listed * Columbine Work Station, AZ 366 SW of Safford, Coronado National Forest, Safford, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman style, NRHP-listed * Crown King Ranger Station, W of Crown King,

Prescott National Forest The Prescott National Forest is a 1.25 million-acre (510,000 ha) United States National Forest located in north central Arizona in the vicinity of Prescott. The forest is located in the mountains southwest of Flagstaff and north of Phoenix in ...

, Crown King, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman, NRHP-listed * Lowell Ranger Station, Off Sabino Canyon Rd. NE of Tucson, Coronado National Forest, Tucson, AZ (USDA Forest Service),

Pueblo architecture Pueblo architecture refers to the traditional architecture of the Pueblo people in what is now the Southwestern United States, especially New Mexico. Many of the same building techniques were later adapted by the Hispanos of New Mexico into the ...

, NRHP-listed * Moqui Ranger Station, Off US 180 N of Tusayan, Kaibab National Forest, Tusayan, AZ (USDA Forest Service), Bungalow/Craftsman, Rustic architecture, NRHP-listed * Pinal Ranger Station, S of Globe, Tonto National Forest, Globe, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Pinedale Ranger Station, Forest Rd. 130 (formerly AZ 260), Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, Pinedale, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Pleasant Valley Ranger Station, S of AZ 288, Tonto National Forest, Young, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Portal Ranger Station, Forest Rd. 42A SW of Portal, Coronado National Forest, Portal, AZ (Usda Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Rustler Park Fire Guard Station, SE of Chiricahua NM, Coronado National Forest, Douglas, AZ (Usda Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Sedona Ranger Station, Brewer Rd. S. of Hart Rd., Sedona AZ (USDA/USFS Standard Plans), NRHP-listed * Sunflower Ranger Station, AZ 87 W of Punkin Center, Tonto National Forest, Punkin Center, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Sycamore Ranger Station, Forest Rd. 68F SW of Camp Verde, Prescott National Forest, Camp Verde, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Walnut Creek Ranger Station, NW of Prescott, Prescott National Forest, Prescott, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Water Canyon Administrative Site, Forest Rd. 285 S of Springerville, Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, Springerville, AZ (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed

Region 2

Notable works of Region 2 architects (with attribution as given in NRHP listing, if applicable) include: * Brush Creek Work Center, WY 130 E of Saratoga,

Medicine Bow National Forest Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, and Health promotion ...

, Saratoga, WY (USDA Forest Service, Region 2), NRHP-listed * Centennial Work Center, Off WY 130 NW of Centennial, Medicine Bow NF, Centennial, WY (USDA Forest Service, Region 2), NRHP-listed * Keystone Work Center, W of Albany, Medicine Bow NF, Albany, WY (USDA Forest Service, Region 2), NRHP-listed * La Prele Work Center, SW of Douglas, Medicine Bow NF, Douglas, WY (USDA Forest Service, Region 2), NRHP-listed

Region 5

Notable architects of Region 5, California, include Keplar B. Johnson

Region 4

The Lamoille Organization Camp near Lamoille in

Elko County, Nevada Elko County is a county in the northeastern corner of Nevada, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,702. Its county seat is Elko. The county was established on March 5, 1869, from Lander County. Elko County is the fourth ...

is a work of the Region 4 Forest Service. Also the Paradise Valley Ranger Station, in

Humboldt County, Nevada Humboldt County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 17,285. It is a largely rural county that is sparsely populated with the only major city being Winnemucca which has a population of 8,431. Humbo ...

, is a work of Forest Service design, built by the CCC.

Region 1

The Big Creek Ranger Station Historic District, in

Flathead National Forest The Flathead National Forest is a national forest in the western part of the U.S. state of Montana. The forest lies primarily in Flathead County, south of Glacier National Park. The forest covers of which about is designated wilderness. It i ...

Flathead County, Montana Flathead County is in the U.S. state of Montana. At the 2020 census, its population was 104,357, making it the state's fourth most populous county. Its county seat is Kalispell. Its numerical designation (used in the issuance of license plates ...

, is a work of Region 1. Lost Horse Fireman's Cabin, Ravalli County, Montana, is built to a standard Region 1 plan, but with a drive-through porch designed by Clyde Fickes.

Other areas

Notable works of other areas' architects (with attribution as given in NRHP listing, if applicable) include: * Kawishiwi Field Laboratory, Minnesota, preservation supported by National Trust for Historic Preservation, deemed NRHP-eligible * Arctic Point Fire Lookout, N of Big Creek, Idaho Primitive Area,

Payette National Forest The Payette National Forest is a U.S. National Forest located in central western Idaho, in parts of Valley, Idaho, Adams, and Washington counties. The land area consists of approximately 2.3 million acres (9,300 km2) of federally managed ...

, Big Creek, ID (USDA Forest Service), with

Aermotor The Aermotor Windmill Company, or Aermotor Company, is an American manufacturer of wind-powered water pumps. The widespread use of their distinctive wind pumps on ranches throughout the arid plains and deserts of the United States has made their d ...

fire tower assembled by Forest Service, plus additional Forest Service structures. NRHP-listed * Atlanta Ranger Station Historic District,

Boise National Forest Boise National Forest is a National Forest covering of the U.S. state of Idaho. Created on July 1, 1908, from part of Sawtooth National Forest, it is managed by the U.S. Forest Service as five units: the Cascade, Emmett, Idaho City, Low ...

, Atlanta, ID (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Big Creek Commissary, Yellow Pine, Payette National Forest, Big Creek, ID (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed *

Carey Dome Fire Lookout The Carey Dome Fire Lookout is a fire lookout tower complex located in Nez Perce National Forest, 9 miles north of United States Forest Service Burgdorf Guard Station, near Burgdorf in Idaho County, Idaho. It was listed on the National Registe ...

, 9 mi. N of USFS Burgdorf Guard Sta, Burgdorf, ID (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Chamberlain Ranger Station Historic District, Idaho County, Idaho, including log building built in 1937–38 to USFS standard plan, NRHP-listed With . * Council Ranger Station, Council, Idaho, a complex of five frame buildings which includes use of standard plans. With * Dam-Sitting Bull Falls Recreation Area, Sitting Bull Falls,

Lincoln National Forest Lincoln National Forest is a unit of the U.S. Forest Service located in southern New Mexico. Established by Presidential Proclamation in 1902 as the Lincoln Forest Reserve, the forest begins near the Texas border and contains lands in parts of ...

, Carlsbad, NM (USDA-Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Group Picnic Shelter-Sitting Bull Falls Recreation Area, Sitting Bull Falls, Lincoln National Forest, Carlsbad, NM (USDA-Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Isabella Ranger Station, Address Restricted, Isabella, MN (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Ketchikan Ranger House, 309 Gorge St., Ketchikan, AK (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed *

Mallard Peak Lookout The mallard () or wild duck (''Anas platyrhynchos'') is a dabbling duck that breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Eurasia, and North Africa, and has been introduced species, introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Peru, Bra ...

, SE of Avery, ID (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Mondeaux Dam Recreation Area, Roughly bounded by Mondeaux River and Forest Rd., Westboro, WI (USDA Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Picnic Shelter-Sitting Bull Falls Recreation Area, Sitting Bull Falls, Lincoln National Forest, Carlsbad, NM (USDA-Forest Service), NRHP-listed * Warren Guard Station, Building 1206 (1934), southwestern side of Warren Wagon Rd. (

Highway 21), in

in Warren, Idaho

References

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